Sunday Homily, May 15, 2016, Pentecost
Readings:
Acts 2, 1-11, There appeared to them tongues as of fire.
Psalm 104, Lord, send out your spirit and renew the face of the earth.
Romans 8, 8-17, You are in the spirit.
John 20, 19-23, Peace be with you.
Homily by Mike
Well, I just finished reading Bishop John Shelby Spong’s new book titled Biblical Literalism: A Gentile Heresy, which is a study of the Gospel of Matthew. Bishop Spong is one of my prime mentors in understanding the Christian faith and the Christian Scriptures. My main reason I picked a chapter of his book for us today is that it is on understanding the Sermon on the Mount in relation to Pentecost, which we are preparing to celebrate next Sunday. Also, Bishop Spong’s book is on the Gospel of Matthew, and Matthew is our default reading source whom we read from most of this year (of Cycle C readings). In his new book Bishop Spong teaches how Matthew composed his Gospel to match up with the festivals of the Jewish year, all celebrated in the synagogue. In this chapter he shows us how Matthew matches the Jewish celebration of Pentecost or Shavuot with Jesus as the New Moses. Moses was the most significant person in Jewish history. The second major celebration of the Jewish liturgical year, after Passover, is Pentecost or Shavuot.
At Pentecost, or Shavuot, Matthew provides the liturgy readings that make it clear to the Jewish followers of Jesus that Jesus is the new Moses. The Book of Exodus tells the story of how Moses went up Mount Sinai, received the law directly from God and announced it to the people. In their acceptance of God’s law from Moses (The 10 Commandments) the Jewish people entered into a covenant with God. Matthew, in his Gospel, has Jesus go up a mountain and then deliver to the people God’s new law—the Beatitudes. In accepting this new law from Jesus, his followers enter into a new covenant with God.
Remember, at that time most people were illiterate. The Torah, the Books of Moses, were read at every Sabbath liturgy. They read the entire 5 books of the Torah every year—compare that with our reading a mere fraction of the Bible once every 3 years. Shavuot or Pentecost was celebrated in a big way (it was huge!), with a 24-hour vigil, so they needed a lot of readings and songs to fill the vigil. That’s where Psalm 119 came into play—the longest psalm of all with 176 verses (psalms were the synagogue’s hymnal). This was the psalm sung at the celebration of Shavuot. Psalm 119 is relentless in its praise of the beauty and wonder of God’s law and the covenant that sprang from accepting and keeping God’s law. The meaning of this covenant is what was renewed liturgically each year, and was what the 24-hour vigil was all about.
Matthew combined Psalm 119 with the Sermon on the Mount to present Jesus as the new Moses. Psalm 119 fits the Shavuot liturgy with stanzas for each of the 8 3-hour portions of the vigil. Psalm 119’s first stanza has 8 verses and the first 2 begin with the word “blessed”. The Sermon on the Mount also begins with 8 verses, each starting with the word “blessed”. We call these the Beatitudes. So Matthew used Psalm 119 as the basis on which to build the Sermon on the Mount. Next Matthew has Jesus give commentaries on each of the 8 beatitudes, 1 for each of the 8 3-hour portions of the vigil. Matthew then has Jesus do a commentary on the 10 Commandments, going deeper into the heart of these original laws of God.
This whole Sermon on the Mount is a beautifully crafted interpretation of Jesus as the new Moses. And it’s all organized around the psalm used at Shavuot, Pentecost. This amazing take and understanding of Matthew’s writing of his Gospel knocks my socks off and I love it.
As we prepare for Pentecost, what is our commitment to the new law? How do we renew our covenant with this understanding of Jesus as the new Moses?