Trinity Sunday, June 7, 2020,

Readings:    

Genesis  2, 18-24,  It is not good for the man to be alone.

 Psalm 128,   May the Lord bless us all the days of our lives.

 Hebrews 2, 9-17,   He is not ashamed to call them brothers.

Mark 10, 2-16,  Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery.

Sabrina at 17 with her parents, John and Alison

Genesis:

Date of Compilation: Most likely during the Babylonian Captivity, i.e., around 600-550 BCE.  But the material for the sources was coming together over 200 years.

Authors:  4 major sources–

The J or Y source (for Yahweh), coming from Judah, the southern half of the divided Jewish state after Solomon's death.

The E source (for Elohim), coming from Israel, the northern half of the Jewish state which was destroyed by the Assyrians ca. 700 BCE.

The D source (from Deuteronomy), coming from the revisions of the prophet Jeremiah & his companions.

The P source (from the priests), which or who during the Babylonian time took the material from the first 3 sources, wove them together, and edited them. 

How do you know: by text analysis, noting different styles of writing, place references (e.g. mention of the Tigris & Euphrates in chapter 2, which says "Babylon."), event references, people references, and agendas behind the stories (e.g. Sabbath & Creation Story #1).

Blakely Dean coming for baptism

Subject Matter: A panorama stretching from the two stories of creation, through The Fall, Cain & Abel, Noah & the flood, the Tower of Babylon, the Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, & Jacob, Joseph and his jealous brothers, Joseph as governor of Egypt & his brothers' visit & eventual migration to Egypt. 

Our Selection: we will read the whole of creation story #2, chapter 2.  The story comes from the Y or J source, but note the mention of the Tigris & Euphrates, which a person in Babylon would appreciate  ( A clue that a priestly source has inserted a geographic reference.  Why would a Jewish high priest be familiar with Babylonian rivers?  Babylonian Captivity. ).

Blakely with her mom, Kelly

Hebrews: We will read from Hebrews for the next 6 weeks (excluding All Saints), right up to the feast of Christ the King, which marks the end of the liturgical year.  Then we begin Advent and a new liturgical year.

Author: unknown, but he wrote excellent Greek.  Not Paul.

When Written: 85-95 CE, i.e., 50 plus years after Jesus' death

Subject: superiority of Christ.  Rather convoluted.

Blekely's Baptism, she liked it and wanted to play in the water

Then He Embraced Them

This morning I want to talk about the last paragraph of Mark, the one about accepting the little kids and how He embraced them.

This past week Rosemary & I went to Lindsay, Ontario, a small town north east of Toronto.   When I spent 4 years studying in Toronto I came to know a number of people.  The Reddick family I have especially loved and kept in touch with since I left there in the early 70’s.

Blakely with her dad and mom, Daniel and Kelly

The mother of the family lives in Lindsay, and for some years we visit her to celebrate Canadian Thanksgiving, which is tomorrow.   This year we went to celebrate a memorial for one of her children, Robin.  All of the spread out family was coming.

Robin was a special child when she was born in 1958.  She had Down’s Syndrome.  Robin never spoke and spent all of her life in excellent residences provided by the Ontario Provincial government.

Robin with her mother, Kay

Kay, Robin’s mother, spent all the time she could carve out from taking care of her 5 other children with Robin.  Robin lived 53 years and died about a month ago.   The memorial was delayed until Rosemary & I could be there.

3 lessons I take from my relationship with Robin. 

First, gratitude for what I have, for example, my ability to ride 60 miles yesterday in the Make a Wish bike rally.  Plus so many other gifts.

Secondly, I have loved that precious girl and she taught me how to expand my love to include special people.

Thirdly, she invited me to look at and stand in awe of the mystery of life.  What is it?  What gifts get handed out to whom and why?

Robin Reddick, Lindsay, Ontario, 1958-2012

I learned at least one lesson from Kay.  Namely, how to love a special person even when it is impossible to keep the person at my side.

 There was a touching side story in all this.  Some woman told Kay that she had specialized in care for specialized people because as a teen she had worked with Kay.  At a big Catholic Church in Toronto Kay had run like a religious ed class for a large group of special kids.  Even though Robin could not be in it.

So, we had the memorial Wednesday at the United Church in Lindsay.  The following is Kay’s message to her dearest Robin.

Robin's ashes at her Memorial in Cambridge United, Lindsay, Ontario

Roberta Mary Reddick, my Special Robin,

You and I have had quite a journey together since May, 1958, and during that time I have felt blessed and proud to be your mother. 

I remember the Sunday morning you were born and as the nurse lay you in my arms, she said “I think these 2 need to get acquainted.”  I have thought often of these words as I suspect she guessed what I did not yet know that ours would not be the usual mother/daughter relationship.

However, my little one,  you showed me a different part of life and changed my world without saying a word. 

Some memories:

You hated shopping and standing around.  So if I was debating too long on a purchase, you uttered those bored noises which I took to mean, “I may just throw up if we don’t leave soon.”

Also, your impatience in a restaurant as you never took you eyes off the waitress until your meal arrived. 

Your love of lego and flipping through magazines endlessly. 

Your nurturing side came out when living at Christian Horizon Group Home and you would bring Tom his slippers and made sure he was okay.

Of course, while living at Christian Horizon you became one of the family and were loved and cared for every day. 

At this time I than k all the people who helped you through your days and nights.  The last 4 years of your life at Case Manor the caregivers were your hands, feet, eyes, ears, and voice without complaint.  I can truly say they must be angels.  Thanks you.

But most of all, Robin, I hope you always know how much you were loved and now as your beautiful spirit is free and you have your wings, remember  that in my heart you will forever live. 

Last Wednesday, the day of Robin's Memorial, Lindsay in fall color, the leaves turning.

 In Mark, Jesus says, "Let the children come to me, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these."  

First of all, I want to thank all of you in this community for being so child friendly.  You are marvelous.

Secondly, in your life, whom do you love like this?

Readings:  Jeremiah 23, 1-6; Psalm 23, The Lord is My Shepherd; there is nothing I shall want; Ephesians 2, 13-18; Mark 6, 30-34     

Jeremiah:

Author & Who: Jeremiah is called "the broken hearted prophet," because he felt compelled to say woe to the leaders & shepherds of the state of Judah.  He predicted tragedy for the people because of their unfaithful ways.  Because he predicted such catastrophe, the leaders & even the people hated him.  He hated his his prophet job and his unpopularity.

Jeremiah is considered #2 of the big 3 prophets, along with Isaiah, #1, and Ezekiel, #3.  They are considered the major prophets because of the size of their works, e.g., Jeremiah has 52 chapters.

Baruch, Jeremiah's secretary & scribe, is considered the person who wrote down & edited the Book of Jeremiah. 

Time: ca. 625-575, i.e. before the famous Babylonian Captivity and during part of it, which took place starting around 585 BCE.

Setting & Story: Catastrophe is coming in the person of Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon (near Baghdad, Iraq, of all places).  He has defeated the Assyrians who had destroyed the northern Jewish state of Israel (ca. 720 BCE) and is now looking at Judah, the southern state with Jerusalem the capitol.   The 10 tribes of the north were carted away and disappeared into the Middle East gene pool.  Intermarriage and lost culture. 

Jeremiah sees what is coming, predicts devastation, and blames it on the leaders & shepherds of the people of this southern state of Judah.  It happens as he foretold, and Jeremiah ends up going to Egypt, where he dies.  He also predicts the return of the people to Judah and the rebuilding of Jerusalem.

Interesting Side Note: can you guess when the Genesis story of creation in 7 days was composed?  Biblical research reveals that the creation story was put together during the Captivity, i.e. ca. 575.

Why?  The priests & prophets (e.g., Ezekiel) of the Jews in captivity determined that the people would not be assimilated into the local gene pool as their cousins in the northern kingdom had done when made to live with the Assyrians.  They decided they would establish customs & religious practices that would make the Jews so different they would not intermarry.  Three special laws were established: 1.  male circumcision; 2. dietary laws and laws about not touching menstruating women; and 3. the Sabbath.

The priests put together the 7 day creation story to suggest that Yahweh approved of their Sabbath law.  They had Yahweh rest on the 7th day to bolster their demand that all Jews take a day off every 7 days.  Before the Babylonian Captivity there was no legislated Sabbath and no myth of Yahweh creating the world in 7 days with the 7th being a day of rest.  So, now you know when the story was created & by whom, the priests, and why, to keep the Jews united vs the Babylonians.  It worked, even down to today.

Our Selection: Jeremiah is saying woe to the leaders & shepherds of the Jews of Judah.  He is also consoling them that a better day will come when they will have good leaders and they won't have to fear and tremble.

Sources: Bishop Spong, The Sins on Scripture; Wikipedia

Shepherding

Every Friday morning since before 1990 I have had an appointment with a little lady about 4'11' named Elizabeth.  She is 93 this year. 

In the beginning she used to take the bus to Jesuit for our meetings.  In fact, one fall Friday morning she was walking along the main first floor hall, the bell rang for the end of class, the guys poured out, and one big kid, number 55 in his football jersey, knocked her down.  Uninjured and flattered by the attention of all the boys, she wended her way to the back of the property where my office was.

Some of you have met her because you have helped me move her from a second floor to a first floor apartment, then from that apartment to a condo she bought.  Npw she lives in the 3 Fountains retirement home a little off of Park Lane, east of Central and Northpark Mall.  She has always been a independent, bohemian lady with a literary bent.  She wrote a novel 80.

The church she always attended after her conversion and until she could not get around was Holy Trinity in the Oak Lawn area. This was where she lived most of her life.  While she was at Holy Trinity she met a couple in their 50's who used to bring her home after Mass. 

As Elizabeth got older the couple got more involved.  Really involved in a helpful way.  The husband, who seems familiar with real estate, found the condo that she bought, then found the retirement home for her, doing all the paper work.  He is selling the condo for her right now.  At first I though there was some kind of swindle taking place, because they were almost too good.  They were real, however. 

The wife continues to visit Elizabeth about once a week, taking her to the doctor and pharmacy, using a lot of her time.  This is depite the fact that Elizabeth can often be less than gracious.  I do not know how many times I have been sumarily kicked out and told not to return.  Elizabeth admits that she often treats the lady harshly.

This couple has been a life saver not only to Elizabeth, but also to me.  I did not know how I was going to help Elizabeth deal with her growing inability to get around.  She had said often she would never go into one of those old folks homes.  She had told me she wanted to die in her condo.  The couple somehow helped her over this obstacle.  What they did, I think, is they just took her to a couple of places they had checked out.

I talk about this couple today because they exemplify something I think the gospel is trying to convey, the meaning of being a shepherd, a care taker. 

Jesus does two things in the episode that I think are marvelous.  First, he shows care for his comrades.  These guys had been out sharing the message, had returned to share their adventures, and they were tired.  People were all around.  Jesus suggests that they all go away to a quiet place and rest.  This is shepherding or care taking one's closest, one's family, one's team. 

They get into a boat and cross some water, obviously the Sea or Lake of Galillee, one of the beautiful places of the world, a heart shaped body 21 miles in length & only 7 miles across.  Many of you could swim it.  The second marvelous thing Jesus does is take compassion on the people who have anticipated where he was going and got there first.  He changes his plans and tends to them.

This is our challenge.  The couple who care take Elizabeth is an example of what Jesus is showing us. 

Whom do you shepherd or care take?

AUDIO:  http://mysite.verizon.net/reso7rjy/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/2009-07-19.mp3

Picture 1:  Mass with Sabrina & Ruth

Picture 2:  Choir, Wendy, Shonda, Ray, & Celeste

Picture 3:  Ekes & Wittiks–Bobby & Debby, Barb W., Mabel, Marlene, Cindy, Curtis, & Warren W. 

Readings:

Jeremiah   38, 4-6, 8-10  They took Jeremiah and threw him into the cistern.

Psalm 40,  Lord, come to my aid

Hebrews 12, 1-4,    Since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses.

Luke 12, 49-53,  Do you think I have come to establish peace on earth.  No.

(Less than amiable readings again this week.)

Cole & Genevieve say, "Welcome in, Everybody," and Gen. says, "Hey, Who is this nice guy?  I think I like him."

Jeremiah Observations:

Author:  really Jeremiah or at least his scribe.

Date:  after the Babylonian Captivity again, say 555 years before Chrsit. Jeremiah sees the Babylonian catastrophe coming and says it is going to be how Yahweh punishes the people for their evil and unjust ways.

Subject:  Jeremiah is the classic prophet.  He does the 3 things characteristic of a prophet.  He criticizes the behavior of the people.  He promises punishment from Yahweh.  He indicates that a better day will come.    Jeremiah lives to see the punishment, that is the Captivity.  Probably not the return from captivity.

Our selection:  Jeremiah pays the price of most real prophets.  The people are enraged, turn against him, and watch what happens.

Zoe, too, says, "Hi, Folks, Come in."

God establish Peace on Earth ?  YES!

Last Thursday when Rosemary & I were doing our early morning bike ride around White Rock Lake, I stopped at the north bridge, originally to stop racing and just appreciate the beauty of the lake.  Now days, however, I discover I also love to watch the dogs in their doggie park and in the water.

Dallas has constructed a flagstone platform at the edge of the lake where dogs and owners can play at dogs chasing objects thrown in the water.

Cole, our candle lighter of the week, at his specialty.

Thursday I spotted a generic, medium sized, white, short haired dog who was so full of life.  His tail never ceased to wag, whether on land, eager for a ball to be thrown, or even in the water.   That dog was a portrait of joy and excitement.

I climbed back on my bike touched with warmth and peace.

The Generations, Dad, daughter, & grand daughter, Gilbert, Michelle, & Zoe.

I get the same feeling when Aviana comes racing to greet Rosemary and me after we have been away a while, tail wagging, excited, and wiggling with joy.  Warmth and peace.

So, do you think our God is a God of peace or a God who brings strife, division, and conflict?   Peace, me.  Luke must have had a bad day at the office when he wrote up this 12th chapter.

Let me give you 4 other examples of where I find the God of Peace.

Buddies, Kevin & Harper. 

A month from now about 10 of us will go to Idaho for our annual 9 day back packing trip in the mountains.  God gives me nothing more marvelously peaceful than to sit around the evening campfire, eat a good meal, and enjoy the simple camaraderie.  I can feel the peace already.

Talking about camaraderie, our Friday Romeos and our Sunday mornings here together, both give me peace and joy. 

Does it get any better?  Shonda, Bethany, Ray, & David.

Then there is an elderly little lady at the Jewish Community Center gym..  The first time I saw her a week or so ago she was getting off the elevator with a walker.   Fairly disheveled she was dressed in a long cover all and had red sneakers.   What really struck me immediately was her wig.   Cancer survivor.  I was humbled.  So I said good morning and she responded with an upbeat, pleasant response.    She went over, sat down on one of the exercise machines, and started exercising.  

 From her I take peace and humility.

The Line up.  Can anybody identify these characters?

Finally, the big one for me comes in about 3 months, Thanksgiving.  Is there anything better than a feast for counting blessings, experiencing joy and peace?   We are blessed in America to have it. 

So, what do you think?  God brings division and strife?  Or God brings Peace and Joy?   For me, no question, God brings Peace and Joy.

What do you think?

The Offertory Team, John & Alison, Mary Ellen & Grace.

Emma says, "Hi, Everybody, from my bunny, welcome."

 Readings:

Matthew 21, 1-11, Jesus enters Jerusalem

Isaiah 50, 4-7,   I gave my back to those who beat me.

Psalm 22,  My God, My God, why have you abandoned me?

Philippians  2, 6-11,  Because of this God greatly exalted him.

Matthew  27,, 11-54,  The passion & death.

Harper says, "Yes, welcome from me too. It is fun here and they have cupcakes."

Sorry, Everybody, because of the extraordinary length of so many readings, especially the Matthew Passion, we don't have a homily.  Tune in for a good one this Sunday, Easter.  Welcome, also.  You might find an Easter Bunny attending.

Tom.

And Lynda.

Joshua 24, 1-18; Psalm 34, Taste and See the Goodness of the Lord; Ephesians 5, 21-32 ; John 6, 60-69.

Joshua:

Who is Joshua and what is this booklet about:  Joshua was Moses' assistant, his lieutenant when the the Israelites wandered in the desert.  The booklet is the story of the Israelite invasion of Canaan under Joshua's leadership. 

Author: somewhat amusingly, the fundamentalists say that Joshua wrote most of the booklet.  More scientific scholars say the work is a compilation of a number of sources.

Date of composition: again fundamentalists state that the booklet was composed 1400-1370, i.e., while Joshua lived.  Scholars of a broader vision suggest that even if a Joshua existed the work was put together 800-700 BCE. 

The work combines a number of traditions about battles & destruction of cities to create a nationalistic narrative that justifies the Israelites' taking another peoples' land for their own.  Like kids say, 'He made me do it.'  Here the Israelites are saying, 'Yahweh made me do it.'

Ethical Question: genocide.  This is a bloody book.  Yahweh commands that the Israelites exterminate every breathing thing, including women & children & livestock. 

The battle of Jericho is characteristic.  For 6 days the Israelites marched around the city, blowing horns and menacing the people.  On day 7 they marched around 7 times and the walls came tumbling down, as in the spiritual.  Then every person except one woman & her family were slaughtered.  Lots of debate and rationalization over these events.

Our Selection: The last chapter of the booklet.  Joshua, who is dying, calls the people together at a place called Sechem and puts it to them.  Stick with Yahweh who has done all these things for you (which are mentioned in the text but are long & tedious) or choose another path of your own.

Sources: Good News Bible, Got Questions.org, Wikipedia

Ephesians:  Got to say a word about this selection because it involves some pretty amusing observations from Paul.  For instance, the famous statements, "Wives should be subordinate to their husbands as to the Lord."  "The husband is head of his wife just as Christ is head of the church."

Some years ago while I was waiting in a line to ride the roller coaster at 6 Flags I overheard a husband telling his wife to obey him because of this passage.  I almost dropped my teeth.

Some perspective: Traditionally there are three types of relationships.

    1.  Matriarchal: the woman/wife is the head of the family.  Culturally this has been established.

    2.  Patriarchal: the husband is the head. 

    3.  Equality: both are partners, husband and wife. 

Paul's place: guess which paradigm Paul comes from?  Paul lives in a culture which considered women & children little more than domestic animals.  In Tanzania I found the same paradigm among the ordinary people.  Even though today Paul can sound wako & chauvanistic, what he says about husbands loving their wives as they love their own bodies, this was pretty radical.

Today: all three of the paradigms are valid.  Among most educated people, however, equality between husband & wife, men & women is the most healthy for all involved.

Peter McGinn, 1948-2009

It was mid February when Rosemary first got word that Peter her brother was infected with amiloidosis, a rare and virulent infection that strikes mostly men 60-65.  Peter was 60. 

It was mid March, after enduring a menu of chemo for a month, that Peter & his wife Marilyn decided to go recuperate at their house in Hilton Head, in a plantation near to Joe & Clare, Rosemary's sister & brother in law.  We decided at the last minute to fly over there to see Peter, it being easier than to visit him in Binghamton, NY.  This was the last time we would see him. 

He died this past Monday morning after finding out that the amiloidosis had begun to attack his lungs, that he could not endure a heart transplant, and that he was simply being kept alive by meds & machines.  After visiting with his two adult daughters & Marilyn Saturday evening and Sunday morning, Peter chose to cease all meds and machine aids that Sunday afternoon.  About 15 hours later he died peacefully. 

I wanted to speak about him because of at least three reasons I admired him and felt quite a kinship, not just of family, but of spirit. 

First, his love of psychology & intelligent spirituality.  He got his doctorate in psych at Johns Hopkins and used it in creative ways.  He was the CEO of United Health Services.  He was the kind of CEO who would eat in the hospital cafeteria, asking random groups, like the nursing staff or the maintenance staff if he might join them for lunch.

As a psychologist he was a teacher & a systems man.  In fact, I used to laugh.  He would send me articles each month.  And he asked me to review his latest book.  I would read a title like 'Ways to facilitate communication with your board.'  I open the article and he had 23 points.  I would send him a note saying, "Too much."  As you know, I lean toward systems myself, but after 3 or 4 I am exhausted. 

Secondly, I loved Peter because he was a biker.  A bicycle rider.  In fact, we had planned a bike ride in Hilton Head which he could not manage because he was too weak.  This was only symptomatic of his dedication to being a well rounded man, a renaissance man like we used to try to model ourselves in the Jesuits.  He was intellectually & physically, psychologically & spiritual balanced.  I see it as the basis for his peace and acceptance of his ultimate path.

Thirdly, he taught a platinum rule.  Not just the golden rule, which says, 'treat others as you would have them treat you.'  The platinum rule is, 'Treat others as they would like to be treated."  He had 23 reason why this was more effective. 

Significantly, according to what I'm told, he practiced the platinum rule even in the hours after he had ceased life support.  As doctors & staff stopped by his room, he thanked each one, mentioning how they had touched him. 

Tomorrow morning, Monday, Rosemary & I will attend a family only memorial in Binghamton.  A month from now a large open to all his friends memorial will be scheduled and we will attend. 

Who is the Peter McGinn in your life?

Picture 1:  Mass with Kevin & T.J.

Picture 2:  Choir, Wendy, Ray, & Celeste

Picture 3:  Peter McGinn

Picture 4:  Peter McGinn–

The two charities that Dad favored in lieu of flowers are Seva and the Food Bank of the Southern Tier.  They are both online, Seva.org, and foodbankst.org.  Rosemary T. McGinn

Check out a review of Peter:

Readings:

Exodus 32, 7-11, 13-14,  So the Lord relented in the punishment he had threatened.

Psalm 951,  I will rise and go to my father. 

 1 Timothy, 1, 12-17,  I am grateful to him who has strengthened me.  

Luke 15, 1-32,   The Great Parable & story of the Prodigal Son.  (A superb story.)

Says Genevieve, "Wellll, Everybody, just come on in."

Exodus observations :

What : a story, a long parable.  It has 2 parts, the exodus or exit from Egypt and the years wandering in the desert.

Who: the work is all about Moses, but he did not compose it.  Rather, it was put together by a committee during the Babylonian Captivity, 555 before Christ.

When: it appears that the purpose of the work was to encourage the people during the Babylonian Captivity.  It is not history and borrows stories from other cultures.  For instance, the parting of the Red Sea comes from a Mesopotamian creation myth and the 10 Commandments resemble the Code of Hammurabi.

Our Subject: The people have been bad, God is mad at them, and Moses defends the people.

Sources: Good News Bible, The New Interpreter’s Study Bible, Wikipedia

Kevin, too, says, "Grab a seat, Folks, we are ready to start."

The Prodigal Son: A Work of Art

I want to talk about my favorite parable of the whole Bible.  Two special notes to start with:

1.  The author has carefully crafted a work of literary art.  Not history, not reality, but parable, story.
2.   Purpose: to show that God loves us unconditionally, not conditionally. 

 Let me give you three observations about the son, three about the father, and an extra three to show you how astounding this story is. 

The final question: can you believe in an unconditionally loving God?

Begin In the Name of the Father…

First, the younger son:

1. He has no right to ask for inheritance.  None.  By asking he is saying he wishes the father and the older son dead.  A symbolic murder.  Father can kill him for this.
2. He works feeding pigs instead of asking for help from the temple.  This means he rejects the religious tradition and is considered a traitor not only to the family, but to the religion.  
3. So, as a horrible failure as a son of the family and a son of the religious tradition, he decides to return.  A conversion, not quite.   He makes up his little speech and heads home.  He is hungry to the point of dying.  Do this, he calculates,  or die.  Many listening Jews would say, Die.  

Offertory with Tom, Teresa, and Tim Quinn.

The Father: he actually commits as many crimes and sins as the son.

1. He runs down the road to the son when he sees him coming.  A very undignified action.  Outrageous.  People who emphasize conditional love point out that the son at least came back.  Despite this point, all the other elements of the parable point to a father with unconditional love.
2. He embraced and kissed the son.  Huge violation of Jewish religious custom and law.  By doing this the father positions himself outside of the religious & cultural community.  He is a reject like the son. 
3. He cuts the son’s speech off before he can finish, eliminating the last sentence, “treat me as you would one of your hired workers.”  And to make it worse, he orders the servants to bring the finest robe, ring, and sandals. 

Daddy, I think it is time I start playing this guitar.

The robe, the ring, and the sandals:

1. The robe: restores the son’s dignity. 
2. The ring: gives authority to the son, even equal to the father and certainly more than before he left.
3. The sandals: gives the son freedom.  Slaves were not given sandals so they would not run away.  The father is doubling the message he gave when he cut the son’s speech off before he could say the third part about being treated as a servant.  

Thanks, Georgie, for being such a great help to Buddy.

A word about the older son, because we so often identify with him.  Two additional and final points.

1. That he tells his father how he feels.  Great.  In those days, it meant the father can kill him.  Today: communication. 
2. What is his challenge: acceptance of his brother, his father, and himself; focus on gratitude for all he has; move from trying to be a good boy to loving?  Any one of these?  Or all?  All.  

Zoe, we got to get you up to light the candles again some time. 

I apologize for so much data.  There is even more.  The point is that the story is a carefully crafted literary work of art that attempts to describe how totally unconditionally loving our God is.

I had once a lengthy discussion with another priest who insisted that the father's love was conditional, conditional on the son choosing to return.  I still believe that the love was unconditional.  I am influenced by the two previous parables, the lost sheep & the lost coin. Luke is an artist.   It is no coincidence that the two little parables both emphasize the Hound of Heaven concept.    

Tori at the play station.

How does this image of God reflect your image of God?   Can you believe that our God loves you and me unconditionally?

Source: The Liberating Stories of Jesus, Francis Vanderwall

Peace!