Readings: Genesis 2, 18-24; Psalm 128, May the Lord bless Us all the Days of Our Lives; Hebrews 2, 9-11; Mark 10, 2-16.

Genesis:

Date of Compilation: Most likely during the Babylonian Captivity, i.e., around 600-550 BCE.  But the material for the sources was coming together over 200 years.

Authors:  4 major sources–

The J or Y source (for Yahweh), coming from Judah, the southern half of the divided Jewish state after Solomon's death.

The E source (for Elohim), coming from Israel, the northern half of the Jewish state which was destroyed by the Assyrians ca. 700 BCE.

The D source (from Deuteronomy), coming from the revisions of the prophet Jeremiah's & his companions.

The P source (from the priests), which or who during the Babylonian time took the material from the first 3 sources, wove them together, edited them. 

How do you know: by text analysis, noting different styles of writing, place references (e.g. mention of the Tigris & Euphrates in our chapter 2, which says "Babylon."), event references, people references, and agendas behind the stories (e.g. Sabbath & Creation Story #1).

Subject Matter: A panorama stretching from the two stories of creation, through The Fall, Cain & Abel, Noah & the flood, the Tower of Babylon, the Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, & Jacob, Joseph and his jealous brothers, Joseph as governor of Egypt & his brothers' visit & eventual migration to Egypt. 

Our Selection: we will read the whole of creation story #2, chapter 2.  The story comes from the Y or J source, but note the mention of the Tigris & Euphrates, which a person in Babylon would appreciate  ( A clue that a priestly source has inserted a geographic reference.  Why would a Jewish high priest be familiar with Babylonian rivers?  Babylonian Captivity. ).

Hebrews: We will read from Hebrews for the next 6 weeks (excluding All Saints), right up to the feast of Christ the King, which marks the end of the liturgical year.  Then we begin Advent and a new liturgical year.

Author: unknown, but he wrote excellent Greek.  Not Paul.

When Written: 85-95 CE, i.e., 50 plus years after Jesus' death

Subject: superiority of Christ.  Rather convoluted.

Sources St. Louis U. Sundays, John Shelby Spong

Concerning Divorce, Remarriage, & Adultery

After hearing what was said about divorce and remarriage, I can imagine you are thinking, "Okay, Stack, what are you going to say about this topic?"  I intend to talk about it.  But first, a story.

The first week of September Rosemary & I went to Seattle to be part of Gloria Eshelbrenner's wedding.  Since it was our first trip to Seattle, we traveled there on Monday.  We had been told that we would not need to rent a car because our little B & B was close to the center of town.  Great. 

So I am looking at transportation from the airport, shuttle, Gray Line tour bus, or city bus for ca. $2.  Guess which I suggested to Rosemary.  It is not only the cheapest, but the most adventurous.  We took the Gray Line.  Which deposited us in the center of town, where we walked a block or so, having an ice cream along the way, to a city bus, which turned out to be an electric bus.  Great. 

Half way along the route our electric bus breaks down.  The overhead pulley disconnected from the electric cable and the driver could not reconnect it. 

We had been talking with people around us and when we stopped a number tried to help us find where we were going.  Finally a guy stepped forward, asked the address, said he thought he lived close to our address, and told us to follow him. 

We walked up hill, caught another electric bus, rode a mile or so, got off, turned up a street, and the guys said, "There is your house.  I live in that house across the street."  We were touched by the hospitality of the people on the bus and especially of this new neighbor. 

I remember this incident when I reflect on the words of Jesus, "whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her; and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery."  Strong words.  Five comments: Jesus' words, hospitality, Mark's environment, Mark's intention, for us.

First, you may put your money on it that these words are not words of Jesus.  Students of the bible consider almost no words directly attributed to Jesus to be his exact words. 

Why?  Because Mark did not know Jesus and he is writing from oral sources 30 years after Jesus' death.  They had no recording machines in those days.  Can you remember what happened 30 years ago?  Super Bowl winner?  Pittsburg.  President?  Carter.  Big news?  Ayatolloh Khomeini held embassy hostages.  A prophet of that time?  MLK had been killed in '68.  We can remember his line, "I have a Dream,' because it has been repeated so often. 

Secondly, Jesus' main message about God: hospitable, like those people in Seattle.  He talks hospitality, inclusion, not exclusion, acceptance, not rejection.  E.g., Prodigal Son, to name only one.

Thirdly, Mark's environment.  Bible students think whoever put this booklet together wrote for Gentile Christians living in the Roman Empire, probably in Rome or Antioch, Greece.  He (she unlikely) wrote just after the destruction of Jerusalem & the temple by the Romans after a failed Jewish revolt, 70 CE.  More persecution was expected throughout the Empire.  (Note that the Jews never again had possession of Jerusalem until 1948 when it was granted them by the Allies after WW II & the Holocaust)

Fourth, Mark's intention: encourage these Gentile Christians living in probably Rome to remain faithful despite coming troubles.  One method: keep families united.  Don't break up.  Marriages were arranged by families at this time.  Kids did not choose their parent, kids did not choose their spouses.  Marriage strengthened bonds for self defense and economic survival.  Divorce ruptured these bonds, not just between the couple.  Remarriage caused even more contention.  Thus, divorce & remarriage is strongly discouraged for even survival reasons.

Fifth: for ourselves.  Context vs basic message.

A.  Understand the context of our passage, Mark's background and intention.

B.  Consider this the ideal, the infinite demand.

C.  Remember the basic Christian message: God's infinite acceptance &  hospitality, like the people in Seattle.

What have you gotten for yourself from these observations?

Picture 1:  The Choir, Shonda, Celeste, & Ray

Picture 2:  Birthdays & Anniversaries, Frank, Richard & Sheila

Picture 3:  Denni reading Genesis

Picture 4:  Tom Reading Hebrews

Readings: Numbers 11, 25-29; Psalm 19, The Precepts of the Lord give Joy to the Heart; James 5, 1-6; Mark 9, 38-43.

second section, when the people are just starting out on their journey.  Moses is getting concerned with the responsibility of all of the people, so God shares the spirit, which is on Moses among 70 elders, even two who were not part of the group gathered around the Tent.

The Letter of Saint James

This is the final Sunday for the second reading to come from Letter of St. James, which we have listened to for the past five weeks.  In the reading today the mood is very stark!  “Your wealth has rotted away”.  The audience for this letter is the communities outside of Jerusalem.

Again remember the letter is a collection of moral observations and instructions, and in today’s reading James’ does not have much that is positive to say about the rich.  The bigger context is to encourage the Christians who are suffering at the hands of the powerful.  James reminds his audience that Jesus is coming again very soon!  Immediately following today’s reading he says “Be patient brothers until the Lord’s coming”.

Notes on the Gospel 

9:42 "it is better for him rather if the millstone of a donkey had been set around his neck and he had been thrown into the sea." The force of the two verbs indicate it would have been better that the person died before causing the scandal.

9:43 "It is better (that) you go into (eternal) life deformed . . . " Compare this statement with Leviticus 21:17-24, where only the undeformed could lead worship. Only the physically intact high priest could enter the Holy of Holies, the place the populace believed Yahweh definitely dwelt. In addition, self-inflicted wounds were forbidden in the Torah.

Now Mark stated the self-deformed could enter the kingdom. Ignore, for a moment, the fact that Mark used this extreme language symbolically. The weight of the statement was simple. Not only the sinners (the "deformed") could enter the Kingdom, the righteous (those with "two hands") could suffer eternal punishment! In addition, sometimes needed to "deform themselves" (i.e., leave the community of the "righteous" for the community of "sinners") to be saved

"unquenchable" in Greek is "asbeston," the root word for "asbestos."

9:43, 45, 47 "Gehenna" The valley of Hinnom, south and west of ancient Jerusalem. This valley became infamous as the "high place" for idol worship among Judah's monarchs (including an oven for human sacrifice). Because of it reputation, "Gehenna" became metaphor for eternal damnation in the time of Jesus.

9:44, 46 "where the worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched" Both verses are the same. Most scholars do not believe these verses are part of the original text, so they are deleted from most modern translations.

9:48 "where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched." Unlike 9:44 and 9:46, this verse is original. This verse was an adaptation of Isaiah 66:24

Homily for Sunday September 27^th 

If ever there was a gospel passage which begs for the topic of the Pedophile Disaster it is today’s, but I am not going there!!  Instead I thought about getting some hacksaws and pliers and making them available for use here today!!  If you eye causes sin – pluck it out.  Chop off your hand or your leg!!!! What is this all about? 

For me, this is a classic example of why it is not too smart to take the bible literally!  No, God does not want us to be inflicting severe bodily harm to ourselves.  So what is going on in this reading?

The three readings today are a brilliant example of why we have readings at mass.  The Word of God is speaking to us thru the readings each Sunday.  Here is what I am hearing from today’s readings.

In the OT reading from Numbers, we are at the beginning of the journey, the people have just been given the Covenant with God…. But already they are starting to have a really bad attitude about the whole thing, and poor Moses is feeling overwhelmed.  I guess life does get to be overwhelming at times.  Too many things too little time.  In the reading, God helps Moses first by sharing the spirit with others, can I share whatever it is that overwhelms me with others… a problem shared is a problem halved.  Then God in the very next sentence after our reading has quail blown in from the sea to feed the people.  When I am open to allowing God to help me, he invariably does. 

The Second reading from James reminds me to keep things in perspective.  Not to get too attached to material things.  The real riches are for me found within family, within community.

The Gospel passage from Mark for me says that what we here in this community are doing is the right thing!!  “Whoever is not against us, is for us”.  If ever there was an example of not seeing eye to eye with the established religion, it was Jesus.  It was ultimately what set him up for crucifixion.  The established religious were too threatened by what he was saying and doing.

But back to what I said at the beginning, what are we to make of the chopping of limbs etc.?  It is a classical example of why it is important to fully understand the context of the scriptures.  Today’s readings ask me to take stock of my priorities.                      

Let's take a few moments of quiet to begin that process.

You may be the only Bible someone reads, will they be able to find God?

Picture 1:  Tony celebrating with Kevin helping

Picture 2:  Altar helpers

Picture 3:  Mike Miller presents CCAC with $2000, Cathy, Ray, & Claire accepting

Picture 4:  The Froebes, Richard, Morgan, Alexandra (O.U. junior), & Monica

Readings: Wisdom 2, 12-20; Psalm 54, The Lord upholds My Life; James 5, 1-6; Mark 9, 38-48.

Wisdom:   One of the 14-15 books of the deutero-canonical books of the bible.  Not OT nor NT, but in between and the subject of controversy over the centuries.  Were they really part of the bible or not?  How do you know?  Catholic church accepts the books.

Subject matter: the book collects traditional Jewish material, as well as ideas borrowed from Greek philosophy, in order to teach that God rewards those who are faithful to him.

Author: not Solomon, but a Jew living in Alexandria, Egypt who spoke and wrote excellent Greek.

Date: ca. 100-200 BCE.  How do we know these facts?  Because of text analysis.  For example, while the author wrote in Greek, he uses phrases and expressions that have a Hebrew flavor.  Also, he mentions rulers and places that reveal date and locale. 

Our Selection: what a wicked person thinks should be done with a good person–beat & kill.  This links up with the suffering servant poem from 2 Isaiah last week.  Jews think the good person getting beaten is the Jewish race/nation.  Christians think the person is Christ.

James:  presents a pretty negative image of people.  What would be a compassionate image? 

Every Person is a Child

Ever hear of a guy named Bear Bryant?  Like in Coach Bear Bryant?  Bear Bryant was football coach of the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa for 25 years, up to 1982, when he retired.  He won 6 national championships and I was living in Mobile when he won his second in ’64.  At his retirement he was asked by a reporter what he was going to do next.  He quipped, “I’ll probably croak in a week.”  8 days later he died of a heart attack.  After having just received a positive report on a physical check up.  

The story goes that in his first year as coach at Alabama he was driving around the rural south of the state looking for a player he had heard about and whom he wanted to invite to the university.  He could not find the kid’s house and he was getting hungry because it was after his lunch hour.  He sees a little ramshackle joint with a tattered sign, ‘restaurant,’ and decides to give it a try.  He walks in, the place goes dead silent, and the head of every person turns to look at this white guy.  A big black guy behind a home made bar asks, “What can I do for you, sir?”  

Bryant says he is the new coach at Tuscaloosa, can’t find a boy he is looking for, and has an appetite.  The black guy says he is welcome to eat what they got, but he may not like it because they are serving that day corn bread, beans, and chitlin.

Bryant says, “I’m from Moro Bottom, AK, I’ve eaten probably a mile of chitlin (pig intestines), and the menu sounds great.”  Everybody smiles and he eats his lunch at the bar.  A while later, leaving the restaurant with the information he wanted on the boy’s house, he pays and gives the man a tip, not flashy, but generous.  The black man asks him if he has a photo of himself.  Bryant says he has not been coach long enough to have a photo, but he writes down the guy’s name & address, and promises to send him one.  Back at Tuscaloosa, although disappointed in the recruit he went to find, he remembers to send the picture, signed with, “Thanks for one of the best lunches ever.”

Time passes.  Years later another boy has developed a reputation in that region and Bryant wants him for Tuscaloosa.  A black athlete.  The university has integrated.  He calls the boy and invites him to the university.  The boy is polite but says his two best friends are going to Auburn and he hopes to team with them.  Auburn is to Alabama as the Giants are to the Cowboys.  So Bryant figures he has lost the kid. Not so.  About a week later the kid calls the coach and asks if he still would like him at Alabama.  Bryant says sure and asks him what made him change his mind.  The kid says his grandfather knew him and has great respect for him.  Not that he would remember his grandfather.  Bryant had once eaten in his little restaurant and promised him a picture.  

His grandfather respected him because he not only ate chitlins at the restaurant, but he honored his promise and sent him a picture, which has place of honor to that day in the restaurant.

Moral of the story?

Picture 1:  The Mass with Kevin & Sabrina

Picture 2:  Brunch Time

Picture 3:  The Girls–Jackie Ritter, Jackie McGrath, & Beth