Readings: Leviticus 13, 1-2, 44-46, The one who bears the sore of leprosy shall cry out, "Unclean."; Psalm 32, I turn to you, Lord, in time of trouble, and you fill me with the joy of salvation; 1 Corinthians 10, 31-11, 1, Do everything for the glory of God; Mark 1, 40-45, If you wish, you can make me clean.

Leviticus: The book of the Levite tribe, the priestly tribe, one of the 12 tribes, a book of 27 chapters focused mostly on laws.  The third book of the Torah after Genesis & Exodus, before Numbers & Deuteronomy.

Author: a collection of many sources, but not Moses (impossible).

Date: some laws go back 1400 BCE., others from ca. 450 BCE.

Subject matter: laws for better living with Yahweh.  For instance in chapter 11, one may not eat pigs, camels, or rabbits, no animal with a divided hoof.  All winged insects are unclean, except those that hop.  In chapter 12, women are ritually unclean after giving birth, 7 days for boys, 14 days for girls.  Chapter 19, "love one another as one's self."  This morning's selection deals with how people with leprosy are to be treated.  Leprosy, of course, was considered a punishment for sin & disobedience.

Note: an interesting example of how academics better understand these texts.  They noted that both Leviticus 11 & Deuteronomy 14 have similar lists of clean and unclean animals for eating.  Deuteronomy 14, however, has 11 additional critters which are not mentioned in Leviticus 11.  These 11 dwell only in the Arabian desert, not in Egypt or the land of Canaan (Holy Land).   From this it can be deduced that the person (s) writing the laws in Leviticus had not wandered the desert and was writing before the Exodus.  The writer (s) of Deuteronomy, however, had wandered the desert. 

Source: The Book of Leviticus; Believe: Religious Information Source, Canon Tristam

Exclusion vs Inclusion

When I first lived in Kenya & Tanzania in the late 70's I spent time working on my Swahili in a Jesuit parish that was in a town called Tabora, Tanzania.  The town is in the middle of Tanzania with no paved roads leading to it.  Only a few roads in the town itself are paved.  The parish had about 3 Jesuit priests in those days, if I remember correctly, a French Canadian, an Irish, and an Indian.  Today the Jesuits have departed and handed it over to the diocese because of not enough Jesuit priests.

In those days the parish had 21 outstations, some of which even had other outstations further out.  These were located in small villages where little mud walled churches had been put up.  Occasionally I found a rather large cement block church left over from times when priests were more abundant.   Each Sunday we would all head out on motorcycles to the outstations. 

On the edge of Tabora there was a special community.  A community of men & women who had leprosy.  The exclusion of these lepers was similar to what we read in Leviticus, though they received better care.  Our parish used to help them a lot and I went to say Mass for them and spent time talking with them often individually, sometimes in a group.  Despite the effectiveness of modern medicine, many had significant scarring and were without hands or feet.  I remember being touched mostly by the quality of their spirits and sense of acceptance. 

I am reminded of this leper community when I read about the lepers in today's readings.  Leviticus lays down the directives.  Mark has Jesus dealing with a leper.   I've already discussed Leviticus.  Let me mention one main point relevant to Mark & his account.

It is inclusion.

Mark wants to convince Christians of Jewish & mostly Gentile background that they are included and that Jesus is the Messiah.  This community probably lived in Galilee, that is, around the Sea of Galilee or in Syria.  How do today's students of the bible know this?  Because they analyzed the text and noted that Mark used Greek rather than Aramaic.  Moreover, Mark describes geography typical of Galilee, not Jerusalem.

 The miracle Mark describes today aims at inclusion in the community.  Using the leper as a metaphor or symbol, he is telling especially the Gentile Christians, 'You are part of this community.  You belong here.  If Jesus can include a leper, then anyone and everyone is part of the community.  Nobody is excluded.'

What does Leviticus instruct?  What does Jesus do?  He welcomes him.  In fact, he does something that broke the law, and the people would be astounded, no, probably shocked and repulsed.  He touched the leper.  This was after Mark has the leper break the law by approaching Jesus.  People around are saying, "Wow!", when they read Marks story. 

This might be today's lesson for us.  Inclusion.  It may be easier for us to think of including a leper, because we know the virus is not that contagious and can be effectively treated.  But HIV?  What about other races, colors, religions, students from other schools?

Whom do I have trouble including in my community?

References: Austin Cline, Audience of Mark's Gospel (on line).

Picture 1:    Mass Begins

Picture 2:    The Community

Picture 3:    Brooklyn walks

Picture 4:    Charlie with Zoe & Georgie

Picture 5:    Georgie with Zoe & Sienna

Picture 6:    Torri with her granddad, Gilberto

Readings:  Job, 7, 1-7, Is not man's life on earth a drudgery? (I will expand this reading); Psalm 147, 
Praise the Lord, who heals the broken hearted; 1 Corinthians, 9, 16-23; I have made myself a slave to all; Mark, 1, 29-39, They brought to him all who were ill.

Job:

Author: Unknown.  No book in the OT or NT has less known about it.  Called the most profound book of the OT.  It deals with the problem of evil, personal justification, and why bad things happen to good people.   Job himself could be historical, a literary creation, or a combination of the first two.

Date: It is guessed to be before the time of Moses and Egypt, i.e., earlier than 1300 BCE.

Structure: 3 poetic dialogs preceded by a prose introduction and ending with a prose conclusion.

Why do Bad Things Happen to Good People

I would like to talk this morning about why bad things happen to good people.

Once upon a time there was a good man named Job who lived in the land of Uz.  He had 7 sons and 3 daughters, a sign that he was especially blessed.  He not only had sons, but he had the special number of 7.

One day Yahweh was walking around heaven talking with his buddies when he ran into the devil.  "What have you been doing?" he asked.  "I have been walking around here and there," the devil responded. 

"Have you noticed how good my man Job is?"  "Yes,' says the devil, "but I bet he will curse you to your face if you stop protecting him and take away all his goodies."  "It's a bet," says Yahweh, "Just don't hurt him."

So a few days later while all of Job's 7 sons and 3 daughters where having a feast with their families, a storm blew up killed them all.  A messenger runs to tell Job of the horrible news. 

Shortly after that, another messenger races in and says lightening has just killed all his sheep and the shepherds.   Other messengers then run in saying Job's livestock have been rustled by robbers who killed all the farm hands.

Job is devastated, of course, but responds with the famous statement: "I was born with nothing, and I will die with nothing.  The Lord gave, and now he has taken away.  May his name be praised." 

So Yahweh wins his bet.  But, when Yahweh and the devil meet up to settle their bet, the devil pushes by saying that he bets Job will curse Yahweh if the devil is allowed to hurt his body.  Not death, just hurt.  "Bet," says Yahweh.

The next day Job comes down with sores all over his body, like leprosy, and he has to go outside of town where the lepers go.  He sits in the town dump.  His wife now comes and his friends.  They all grieve. They also encourage Job to see what he has done bad.  Has he  cursed Yahweh?  Confess and repent.  Job proclaims his innocence.  But he is depressed and discouraged. 

(In East Africa I used to celebrate Mass for a small community of lepers.)

Finally, while not cursing Yahweh, he cries out his anguish saying (chapter 3): 

"Oh, God, put a curse on the day I was born; put a curse on the night when I was conceived!  Turn that day into darkness, God." (verses  2-4) 

"I wish I had died in my mother's womb or died the moment I was born.  Why did my mother hold me on her knees?" (verses 11-12) 

"Why let men go on living in misery?  Why give light to men in grief?" (verse 20) 

"Everything I fear and dread comes true.  I have no peace, no rest, and my troubles never end." (verses 25-26)

After some time in this situation, Yahweh comes along and speaks with him:

"Who are you to question my wisdom with your ignorant, empty words?  Stand up now like a man and answer the questions I ask you.  Were you there when I made the world?" (verses 2-3)

"Job, have you ever in all you life commanded a day to dawn?" (verse 12)

"Have you been to the springs in the depths of the sea?  Have you walked on the floor of the ocean? "(verse 16)

"Have you been to the place where the sun comes up or the place where the east wind blows?" (verse 24)

After hearing all the numerous ways Yahweh reminds him of how insignificant he is, Job apologizes to Yahweh and promises to be a good boy from now on.  Yahweh restores his wealth and gives him 7 more sons and 3 more beautiful daughters.  He lives another 140 years a prosperous and happy man.

So does this answer the question why bad things happen to good people?  Contemporary scripture scholars find evidence that the happy ending of Job's story was a late addition, that the story ended simply with Job apologizing.  Not always is the Job story a happy ending.

For example, there is a kid, Timothy Cole, whose story still shakes me to this day.  He was a freshman at Tech in '85.  He was studying in his room in the apartment of his brother.  There were other kids in the house.  Timothy was accused of attacking a coed that same night and he was convicted.  The girl mistakenly identified him from a picture.  He was given a 25 year sentence. 

He was finally acquitted of the attack by a DNA match and the confession of another prisoner who did the attack.  The trouble was, the college freshman passed 14 years of his 25 year sentence.  Moreover, he died before he was exonerated.   Found dead in his cell.  An asthma attack. 

Pathetically the girl attacked repeatedly noted that the attacker smoked non stop and that she challenged him on it.  Timothy, because of his asthma, never smoked.  Moreover, when the guy who really did it tried to tell the local authorities in Lubbock, they did not even respond.  The guy had to write to the family of Timothy.  He said he heard Timothy crying in his cell and saying he never did it.

Timothy is a Job without a happy ending, a good kid who had a really bad thing happen to him.  This happens every day, folks. 

How do you answer the question?

Picture 1:    Delgados & Elwells, Bernadette & Gilberto, Marianne & George

Picture 2:    Jan & Geri

Picture 3:    Leo & pillow ready for nap

Picture 4:    Communion helpers, Mike & Rob & Beth

Picture 5:    John & Denni & Patricia

Picture 6:    The Kerns, Candy, Holly (on U.T. athletic scholarship, softball pitcher), Mike, Ben, Sam, & Stephen

Readings:  Deuteronomy 18, 15-20, A prophet like me will the Lord raise up for you; Psalm 95, If today you hear his voice, harden not your hearts; 1 Corinthians 7, 32-35, A married man is anxious about the things of the world (what a reading!); Mark 1,21-28, Quiet, come out of him.

Before the gospel acclamation, Mike Carrell

I have shared with you before that the inspired writers of each gospel begin their gospel with a summary of what they will be presenting, and that each gospel is written as a string of teachings, where each teaching builds on the one before it and therefore prepares for the one after it. 

So, before the words of the gospel are proclaimed today, I want to very briefly frame what you are about to hear, so that you will be able to better understand today’s teaching. 

The first teaching from Mark begins, ‘The beginning of the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God as it was written in the prophet Isaiah, perceive’.  In other words, we are to understand that the Mark gospel fulfills the expectation of the coming of the Messiah from the written words of the prophet Isaiah that the writers then begin to present.  The good news, the gospel, means, God’s gift to us of salvation, redemption, through his Son, the Lamb of God, who forgives us of our sins.

This first teaching, after we find out how this will happen, ends with the exhortation, ‘The time is fulfilled, the kingdom of God is at hand, repent, and believe in the good news.’  Make a pathway to your heart and welcome the Messiah there!

The Mark gospel’s third teaching, the one after today’s reading, begins on the evening of the first day of Jesus’ public ministry. Very briefly Christ’s words cleanse a leper, who has come to Jesus saying, ‘If you choose, you can make me clean.’ After cleaning him, Jesus sends him to the priests to give the required offering for having had his sins forgiven, that of an unblemished lamb.

For the words of Christ, the unblemished Lamb of God, fulfill the expectation given in the written Mosaic Law for the forgiveness of sin, that of an unblemished lamb! The word leper, then, is an outward presence, a karma, of the man’s inner spiritual journey, in Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism and in Christianity.

(Recall that the gospels tell us that we are known by our fruit, and that the apostle Paul gives us a long list of the fruits of the Spirit when a man’s inner journey is in and with Christ.) So, the man’s outward sign, presence, showed him to be in serious sin prior to having been made clean.

Reading: Mark 1:16-31

Homily:  Today’s reading must build on the first teaching that our salvation comes to us through the words of Christ, the Lamb of God and prepares us for the third teaching that they fulfill the expectation of his coming within the written Mosaic Law as the unblemished Lamb of God who takes away the sins of humankind.

In my last homily, I presented to you what it means to be baptized in the Holy Spirit. The words of Christ are living waters. When we welcome and live them, the Holy Spirit abides with us—fills our hearts.  By the power, authority, of the Holy Spirit, Christ, the light of the world, is alive to us in our hearts.  Light and darkness cannot coexist!  The Holy Spirit and an unclean spirit cannot coexist! 

When we accept the words of Christ, the unclean spirit, the demon, the leprosy, the fever, is therefore cast out by the power and with the authority of the Spirit that abides in our heart.  This is the meaning of today’s reading.  What does Peter’s mother-in-law immediately do after her fever has been cast out? We are told that she begins to serve those around her.  The meaning of this particular Greek word, serve, is to minister.  It is the word that the Church uses today to describe the office of deacon. 

So much then for those who say that a woman cannot be a minister in the Church!  Since we are taught in the gospels that Jesus has come not to save the righteousness but rather to save the sinner, we know why today’s reading begins with the call of Peter, Andrew, James and John. They must have been well known as sinners before they were chosen by Jesus to lay down their old nets used to catch fish and take up a new net formed by the four strings of teachings of Christ’s words to catch people.

Take a moment to think about the most difficult situation that you found yourself in during the past week.  We are known by our fruit, the outward presence we show to others.  Each of us has been given the power and authority to make Christ present in the world.

Picture 1:  Georgie

Picture 2:  The Offertory – Bobby, Mike and Debbie

Picture 3:  Leo and Ray

Picture 4:  The Pastry Shop – Claire, Kayla, Gilberto and Zoe

Picture 5:  Michelle and Ryan

Picture 6: The Census Takers Group 1 – Tom, Bill, Greg, John and Jean

Picture 7: The Census Takers Group 2 - Mary Ellen, Doug, Grace, Rosemary and John